Medical Nursing Blood Collection Intravenous

Medical & Nursing Blood Collection and Intravenous (IV) Procedures

Blood collection and intravenous (IV) therapy are essential medical procedures performed by nurses and healthcare professionals to obtain blood samples for testing, administer fluids, medications, or transfusions. These procedures require precision, sterile techniques, and specialized medical tools to ensure patient safety and comfort.

1. Blood Collection in Medical & Nursing Practice

Blood collection, also known as phlebotomy, is a common procedure used for diagnostic testing, transfusions, and monitoring health conditions such as diabetes, infections, and anemia.

Essential Blood Collection Tools & Equipment

✔ Vacutainer System – Includes vacuum-sealed collection tubes, a needle, and a tube holder for efficient and sterile blood collection.
✔ Butterfly Needles – Ideal for patients with small or fragile veins, such as children and elderly individuals.
✔ Syringes & Needles – Standard method for drawing blood manually when a vacuum system is unsuitable.
✔ Lancets & Capillary Tubes – Used for fingerstick tests and capillary blood collection (e.g., glucose monitoring).
✔ Tourniquet – Applied to the arm to make veins more visible and easier to access.
✔ Alcohol Swabs & Antiseptic Wipes – Used to clean the puncture site and prevent infections.
✔ Gauze & Adhesive Bandages – Applied after blood draw to protect the site and stop bleeding.
✔ Sharps Container – A safety container for the disposal of used needles and syringes.

Step-by-Step Blood Collection Procedure

1. Prepare the patient – Verify identity, explain the procedure, and ensure proper positioning.
2. Select a vein – The median cubital vein (inside of the elbow) is commonly used.
3. Apply a tourniquet – Enhances vein visibility and helps with proper needle insertion.
4. Clean the site – Use alcohol swabs or antiseptic wipes to disinfect the skin.
5. Insert the needle – Perform a smooth venipuncture to collect blood without excessive trauma.
6. Withdraw the blood sample – Ensure correct tube selection for specific lab tests.
7. Remove the needle & apply pressure – Prevents bleeding and reduces bruising.
8. Label and store the sample – Properly label blood tubes to avoid identification errors.
9. Dispose of sharps safely – Immediately discard the needle in a sharps container.
10. Monitor for reactions – Watch for signs of dizziness, fainting, or complications.

2. Intravenous (IV) Therapy in Nursing

IV therapy involves inserting a catheter into a vein to deliver fluids, medications, nutrients, or blood products directly into the bloodstream. It is commonly used for hydration, anesthesia, pain management, and emergency treatments.

Types of IV Therapy

🔹 Peripheral IV (PIV) Line – The most common type, inserted into veins in the hand or arm.
🔹 Central Venous Catheter (CVC) – Used for long-term therapy; inserted into large central veins (e.g., subclavian or jugular).
🔹 Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC Line) – A longer-term option for IV antibiotics, chemotherapy, or total parenteral nutrition (TPN).
🔹 IV Infusion vs. IV Push – Infusion involves continuous administration (e.g., fluids), while IV push is a rapid injection of medication.

Essential IV Equipment & Supplies

✔ IV Catheters & Needles – Various sizes (gauge numbers) depending on fluid/medication requirements.
✔ IV Tubing & Drip Sets – Connects the catheter to IV fluids, ensuring controlled delivery.
✔ IV Fluids & Medications – Includes saline, dextrose, blood products, or prescribed drugs.
✔ IV Pump or Gravity Drip – Regulates the rate of fluid administration.
✔ IV Dressing & Securement Devices – Protects the catheter site and prevents dislodgment.
✔ Saline Flush Syringes – Used to keep IV lines patent (open) and prevent clotting.

Step-by-Step IV Insertion Procedure

1. Assess the patient – Identify the best vein site and explain the procedure.
2. Gather and prepare supplies – Ensure all IV materials are sterile and within reach.
3. Apply a tourniquet – Makes veins more prominent for easier insertion.
4. Disinfect the site – Clean the area with antiseptic to prevent infections.
5. Insert the IV catheter – Advance the needle into the vein at a shallow angle.
6. Confirm blood return (flashback) – Ensures proper placement before advancing the catheter.
7. Secure the catheter – Attach IV tubing, apply dressing, and secure with tape.
8. Initiate IV therapy – Set the prescribed infusion rate via pump or gravity.
9. Monitor for complications – Watch for infiltration, phlebitis, or allergic reactions.
10. Document and maintain the IV site – Regularly assess for signs of infection or leakage.

3. Safety Precautions & Best Practices

✔ Follow Aseptic Technique – Reduces infection risks during blood collection & IV insertion.
✔ Use Proper Needle Gauge – Match the needle size with the procedure (e.g., smaller gauge for delicate veins).
✔ Check for Allergies – Some patients may have reactions to antiseptics, adhesives, or IV medications.
✔ Prevent Infiltration & Phlebitis – Regularly monitor IV sites for swelling, redness, or pain.
✔ Ensure Proper Labeling & Documentation – Avoid sample mix-ups and ensure accurate patient records.
✔ Dispose of Sharps Immediately – Reduces risks of needlestick injuries and cross-contamination.

Conclusion

Blood collection and intravenous therapy are critical nursing skills that require precision, hygiene, and patient-centered care. Whether performing venipuncture for laboratory testing or administering fluids via IV lines, proper technique and safety measures ensure successful procedures and positive patient outcomes.

Would you like recommendations for specific blood collection kits or IV therapy equipment? 😊